Which of the following is considered a primary preventive strategy for breast cancer?

Which of the following is considered a primary preventive strategy for breast cancer?

• A. Regular breast self-examinations
• B. Annual mammograms for women over 40
• C. Prophylactic mastectomy in high-risk women
• D. Weight management and exercise

Answer: (C)

The focus of the correct answer lies in the proactive nature of prophylactic mastectomy in women who are identified as high-risk for breast cancer, particularly those with BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutations. This surgical option significantly reduces the risk of developing breast cancer by removing breast tissue before cancer risk materializes. For individuals at high genetic risk, this is a definitive strategy aimed at preventing the onset of the disease. In contrast, while regular breast self-examinations and annual mammograms play vital roles in early detection, they are classified primarily as secondary preventive strategies. These methods focus on identifying and addressing cancer early rather than preventing its occurrence altogether. Additionally, weight management and exercise are essential lifestyle modifications that can contribute to overall health and may lower the risk of various diseases, including certain types of cancer. However, these strategies also do not directly prevent breast cancer in the way that prophylactic mastectomy does, especially for those at high genetic risk.

The focus of the correct answer lies in the proactive nature of prophylactic mastectomy in women who are identified as high-risk for breast cancer, particularly those with BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutations. This surgical option significantly reduces the risk of developing breast cancer by removing breast tissue before cancer risk materializes. For individuals at high genetic risk, this is a definitive strategy aimed at preventing the onset of the disease.

In contrast, while regular breast self-examinations and annual mammograms play vital roles in early detection, they are classified primarily as secondary preventive strategies. These methods focus on identifying and addressing cancer early rather than preventing its occurrence altogether. Additionally, weight management and exercise are essential lifestyle modifications that can contribute to overall health and may lower the risk of various diseases, including certain types of cancer. However, these strategies also do not directly prevent breast cancer in the way that prophylactic mastectomy does, especially for those at high genetic risk.